用書 PYTHON王者歸來 作者洪錦魁
傳遞串列參數
def message(names):
str1 = "Hi"
str2 = "How are you?"
str3 = "I am"
for name in names:
str = str1 +"\n" + str2 + "\n" +str3 + " " + name
print(str,"\n")
names = ["Kiki","Susu","Nini"]
message(names)
執行結果
傳遞一般變數與串列變數到函數
def data(n):
print("id(n)=:",id(n),"\t",n)
n = 5
print("id(n)=:",id(n),"\t",n)
x=1
print("id(x)=:",id(x),"\t",x)
data(x)
print("id(x)=:",id(x),"\t",x)
def data1(n):
print("id(n)=:",id(n),"\t",n)
n[0] = 5
print("id(n)=:",id(n),"\t",n)
y=[1,2]
print("id(y)=:",id(x),"\t",y)
data1(y)
print("id(y)=:",id(x),"\t",y)
執行結果
函數的修改串列的內容(預約產品手續)
def product(unreservation,reservation):
print("＞＞＞＞＞＞預約手續進行中＞＞＞＞＞＞")
while unreservation:
current = unreservation.pop()
print("預約產品＞＞＞＞＞＞",current)
reservation.append(current)
def show_unreservation(unreservation):
print("✖ 還沒預約的產品")
if not unreservation:
print("目前沒有還沒預約的產品")
for unreservation_products in unreservation:
print(unreservation_products)
def show_reservation(reservation):
print("◎ 已經預約的產品")
if not reservation:
print("目前沒已經預約的產品")
for resevation_products in reservation:
print(resevation_products)
unreservation=["麥片","年糕","棒棒糖"]
reservation=["泡麵"]
show_unreservation(unreservation)
show_reservation(reservation)
執行結果
以下的部分重新改串列名也不會影響結果
函數與主程式的變數名不一定要相同
原因是 因為函數串列 unreservation 和 reservation 與主程式串列unreservation_list=[ ] reservation_list=[ ]是相同的記憶體位置。函數更改串列內容時，主程式串列也隨著更改
傳遞副本串列( 傳遞串列的切片拷貝)
串列的切片拷貝 ID不同
上述的unreservation_list已經變成空串列了，若是想保存預約內產品內容的話，可再呼叫product()函數時傳遞副本串列 product(unreservation_list[:],reservation_list)
def product(unreservation,reservation):
print("＞＞＞＞＞＞預約手續進行中＞＞＞＞＞＞")
while unreservation:
current = unreservation.pop()
print("預約產品＞＞＞＞＞＞",current)
reservation.append(current)
def show_unreservation(unreservation):
print("✖ 還沒預約的產品")
if not unreservation:
print("目前沒有還沒預約的產品")
for unreservation_products in unreservation:
print(unreservation_products)
def show_reservation(reservation):
print("◎ 已經預約的產品")
if not reservation:
print("目前沒已經預約的產品")
for resevation_products in reservation:
print(resevation_products)
unreservation_list=["麥片","年糕","棒棒糖"]
reservation_list=["泡麵"]
show_unreservation(unreservation_list)
show_reservation(reservation_list)
product(unreservation_list[:],reservation_list)
print("---------over----------")
show_unreservation(unreservation_list)
show_reservation(reservation_list)product(unreservation_list[:],reservation_list) 這邊傳的是副本串列不是空集合]
執行結果
這是剛剛的結果(變成空串列的)
串列會遺留先前呼叫的內容
def insertletter(anyletter,null_list=[],number_list=[1,2]):
null_list.append(anyletter)
number_list.append(anyletter)
print(null_list)
print(number_list)
insertletter("nini")
insertletter("f")
執行結果
不讓串列呼叫先前內容
def insertletter(anyletter,null_list=None):
if null_list == None:
null_list=[]
null_list.append(anyletter)
print(null_list)
insertletter("nini")
insertletter("f")
執行結果
傳遞處理任意數量參數
drink(*alltea) 是元組
def drink(*alltea):
print("----tea meau----")
for tea in alltea:
print(tea)
print(type(alltea))
print(alltea)
drink("green tea")
print("...........................")
drink("lemon tea","black tea","milk tea")
print("...........................")
執行結果
沒傳入參數
def drink(*alltea):
print("----tea meau----")
for tea in alltea:
print(tea)
drink()
執行結果
一般參數和任意數量參數的組合
def drink(cake,*alltea):
print("Oder this cake:", cake ,",you can select ----tea meau----")
for tea in alltea:
print(tea)
drink("chocolate cake","green tea")
print("...........................")
drink("lemon cake","lemon tea","black tea","milk tea")
print("...........................")def drink(cake,*alltea):
print("Oder this cake:", cake ,",you can select ----tea meau----")
for tea in alltea:
print(tea)
drink("chocolate cake","green tea")
print("...........................")
drink("lemon cake","lemon tea","black tea","milk tea")
print("...........................")
執行結果
一般參數和任意數量參數的組合 (字典)
**info 可以自行命名的參數
可以變成任何數量的字典元素
def classmate_info(name,number,**info):
info_dict={}
info_dict["name"]= name
info_dict["number"]=number
for key,value in info.items():
info_dict[key]=value
return info_dict
calssmate = classmate_info("Bily","1",
English= 100,
Math= 100)
print(calssmate)
執行結果
